internal 1st year || Veterinary Physiology
Answers to Question No. 1 a. Reflex A reflex is a rapid, automatic, and involuntary response to a specific stimulus. It is a built-in, protective mechanism that helps the body maintain homeostasis and avoid danger without requiring conscious thought from the brain. A classic example is pulling your hand away from a hot surface before you even feel the pain. b. Ganglia Ganglia (singular: ganglion) are clusters of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). They act as relay stations or processing centers for nerve signals in the peripheral nervous system. For example, dorsal root ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons. c. All or none principle This is a fundamental law of physiology stating that when a nerve cell (neuron) or muscle fiber is stimulated, it will respond to its fullest extent or n...